Western Civilization and Happiness and Justice - 829 Words

How can Western Civilization avert decline and promote happiness and justice? In a world of political and celebrity scandals from the raunchy to the greedy, our culture is full of corruption and an obsession with fame. Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"The Colossus† both explore the West’s moral blindness and our paralysis of feeling and thought in the twentieth century. Western civilization is becoming a wildfire fueled by tragic ignorance, societal norms and corruption. This must be exposed in order for any cultural epiphany to occur. Judge Brack is the definition of the colossus in Hedda Gabler. He is someone people trust and build up to be an honorable and insightful leader, but in the end he is a vulgar and immoral individual full of Dionysian corruption, and lacking any apollonian qualities. Brack throws frequent stag parties that eventually evolve into wild nights of debauchery. He and the men he invite drink and participate in orgies. While at night he is an unrefined sexual animal, during the day he is the definition of justice and trust. During his interactions with Hedda he reveals his deep misogynistic beliefs and his sense of power over her. Instead of letting her display her power through her pistols, he treats her like a child telling her that â€Å"we’ll have no more of that kind of fun today,† (249). He knows that she feels trapped in the cultural norm of marriage, but he enjoys poking at her and making her feel weak as a woman. He is allowed to goShow MoreRelatedWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe889 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantlyRead MoreWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe883 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantly onRead MoreThe Era Between 350 And 310 Bc929 Words   |  4 PagesThe era between 350 and 310 BC marked a dramatic change in the Western World from the first, classical Hellenic Age of the Greeks, to the second, Hellenistic Age of the Greek Civilization. This classical period was considered the height of Greek civilization and deemed â€Å"The Golden Age† of ancient Greece. The polis (Greek city-state) was the center of Greek political life for the majority of this period. The poleis were small, independent, and self-sufficient; however, to o politically divided to surviveRead MoreGreek Justice : Plato And Aristotle1085 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophers and Justice as the Greek World Expands in 400-150 BCE Justice could be the defined as the quality of being fair and reasonable, during the period of 400-150 BCE when the Greek civilization was being formed. Plato and Aristotle are philosphers, who are leading figures of ancient Greek civilization and both discussed justice and established theories about the views of being just. Plato was a student of Socrates, and Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle and Plato had differentRead MoreAristotle s Views On Politics980 Words   |  4 PagesPolitics is a political philosophical work by Aristotle, a fourth century Greek Philosopher, logician and scientist. Along with his teacher Plato, Aristotle is considered as one of the most influential ancient thinkers of political theory in western civilization. Therefore, it is important to understand the gist of his work Politics from our perspective. Influenced by Plato’s Republic and Laws, Politics presents synthesis of lifetime political thoughts and observations. The philosopher atte mpts toRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Capital Punishment1671 Words   |  7 Pagesis it a necessary form of justice? Capital punishment is also referred to as the death penalty, which is a form of action taken by the court of law where a guilty conviction means you pay with your life. Being an American citizen, I believe that we live in the freest country on earth and have a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. However, in our pledge of allegiance it states that we also have justice for all. So, is the death penalty the ultimate justice or does it seek vengeanceRead MoreConfucius And Aristotle On Virtue1318 Words   |  6 PagesConfucius definition or comment of virtue were scattered all over the Analects, due to the fact that it was not presented as a formal catalog. Confucius had four to five central virtues supported in the beliefs of Confucianism; these are courage, justice, humanity, temperance, wisdom and transcendence. The research showed that Aristotle an d Confucius shared similarity with four core virtues: First, Courage according to Aristotle is â€Å"not exactly the same for each person, because the mean is relativeRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Life?1274 Words   |  6 Pagesmodern western ways of thinking. Their ideas and theory may not be completely correct, but we should view it as a progression of history and how it influence our ways of thinking. Although they bear some superficial similarities, the difference between Plato and Aristotle are striking. Plato was an idealist, while Aristotle is a realist, and they had ideas on how people should live, and how to rule the society in order to generate fulfilled people. Those ideas shaped the history of western world,Read MoreInequality and Redistribution1384 Words   |  5 Pagesterms of decision making and voting. A democratic society is founded on the ideology of one vote per person. But as a result of wealth and income inequality, CEO’s of companies average about 262 v otes for every one of their workers. Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis said â€Å" We can have democracy in this country or we can have great wealth concentrated in the hands of a few, but we cannot have both.† Inequality affects the majority of the United States, but it falls particularly hard on certainRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Socrates1663 Words   |  7 Pagesafterward refining it to the point of when a decisive conclusion is made. Socrates believed that the greatest quality of man is examining himself and others, to try to grow and reach our utmost potential. He believed that we should be in pursuit of happiness and understanding in our daily lives. Socrates thought that virtue is something that can be known and that the virtuous person is the one who knows what virtue is (Duignan 32). It is not entirely accurate to account Socrates for contributing a method

John Gasts Painting, American Progess, Shows Human...

Human progress is neither automatic nor inevitable. Every step toward the goal of justice requires sacrifice, suffering, and struggle; the tireless exertions and passionate concern of dedicated individuals. Without continual growth and progress, such words as improvement, achievement, and success have no meaning. This is why the Americans held the belief that they were destined to expand across the continent. One thing that the American settlers did not acknowledge was that all progress is precarious, and the solution of one problem brings us face to face with another problem—the Native Americans. Within the painting, American Progress, John Gast incorporated these ideas, beliefs, and problems all onto one image. The painting, American†¦show more content†¦When looking at the painting, this claim certainly seems to hold true. The painting features covered wagons, then stagecoaches, then trains, all moving west. This presents the idea of technological advancement being brought further West as American folk continue to settle the frontier, a thought which was very widespread at the time. These images represents the use of logos to make the Americans believe that in order to achieve technological advancement, they will have to indeed push the Natives further west. It also shows the Native Americans weak and escaping. It motivated people to move westward, helped them to make that decision. If you look at the picture you have to see the Native Americans pushed off in the corner. It could encourage the white people to think that they are doing the right thing. Native Americans will just go away and let the settlers to over take the new land. The purpose of seeing them weak is just another example of motivation. By incorporating these common ideals into American Progress, Gast immediately established common ground with any American viewing the painting at the time. By creating the heavenly woman in the center, who bears the innovative telegraph wire i n her left hand, Gast introduces the main argument of the painting: the idea that it was the heavenly duty of Americans to expand the country all the way to the Pacific Ocean. This idea surely resonated with people at the time.

Stress Management and Environmental Sustainability †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Stress Management and Environmental Sustainability. Answer: Introduction Stress is the way or mechanism through which our bodies deal with any kind of demand or threat. According to Beiter et al (2015), these demands or threats could be internal or external and the body must respond in some way. Often, people tend to view stress as negative and would like to stay far away from it. Most people would prefer to keep off stressor and have no effective ways of coping when major threats or demands are put upon them. Research has found out that stress is not always negative. When it comes in small doses, stress could improve a persons performance by keeping them under some pressure (Boss, Bryant and Mancini, 2016). This pressure in return leads to more yield of results. Stress generally affects all members of the society. This includes university students. Several things happen and contribute to a student being stressed up. For instance, leaving the family home, having an intense pressure to score high grades, trying to establish romantic or love relationships a nd for some having to find a job while in school to cater for their fees and other expenses. These are just a few of the possible contributors to stress among campus students. In this report, the sources of academic stress among university students will be discussed. In addition, effective solutions to deal with the stress will be provided. Stress is something that university students must deal with every day. By the time students seek help conditions/situations that have resulted from stress, it is usually long after stress have accumulated and caused some physical, emotional and psychological deterioration. Most students are overwhelmed with stressful situations and fell as if there is nothing they can do about it thus leading to the kinds of deterioration mentioned above. Circumstances or events that result to stress are known as stressors. Stress is not only caused by negative things but also the positive ones. As a result, there are two kinds of stressors: positive ones and the negative ones. University students have unique kinds of stressful experiences. Certo (2015) defines sources of stress as those circumstances or events that come in the way of people and cause them to either change or adjust the plans they had. To understand the kind of stress that the students undergo while studying at the university, a small-scale research was carried out at the Thomson Rivers University (TRU). The aim of the study was to have a general understanding of the most common types of stressors that students deal with in every day life. With such an understanding, it would be possible to come up with possible solutions that would effectively help the students cope well with stress. This report aims at discussing the main causes of stress for university students and suggest some effective solutions. These will be discussed next. In this section, the major causes of stress among students are going to be disused. The first is relationships. The term relationship has been used here to mean the connections that people have towards others. These connections could result from being related by blood, marriage, etc. As Dexter, Huff, Rudecki and Abraham (2018) observes these relationships could turn out to be a source of stress especially where the student becomes a victim of relationship abuse. Abuse could be money related, sexual or physical and may manifest in ways such as seclusion. Such abuse tends to show after some period and not immediately. Relationship abuse and conflicts could be in form of conflicts with a roommate, interacting with strangers and even family problems. The student results to spending a lot of time thinking about the issue at hand and figuring a way of solving them. Consequently, the attention is diverted from academic work which is the Universitys main goal and core business. The second major source of stress for students is personal factors. These have proven to cause so much stress to students than one can possibly imagine. They also play a very important role in the various aspects of the life of a student. These factors are different for each student and result in different set of perceptions attitudes and behaviours. Personal factors take different forms which all tend to stress up the student and divert their attention from academics. Some of these forms are going to be discussed next. One is change in living environment. having to move from home to school and meeting new people who are so diverse may cause stress. Another form is change in sleeping habits. Campus students change their sleeping patterns drastically especially due to academic workloads leading to stress. According to Gonzalez and Miranda (2014) health problems and poor eating habits also significantly contribute to stress. The other personal factors include financial difficulties whi ch a significant number of students go through and combining job with studies. (Heckman, Lim and Montalto, 2014). The third major cause of stress are academic factors. These are activities within the curriculums that students go though on daily basis. Along the way, they potentially cause stress. For instance, increased class work load. Such an increase means that the student must deal with more than they can comfortably handle. Since they want to get good grades, students will create tight schedules to deal with these assignments, projects etc (Ju, Trebinjac, Bannon and Papaconstantinou, 2017). Since the tasks are enormous, they end up messing with them. Consequently, there is poor performance which is completely different from the expectation of the student. This results to frustration and stress. This is especially true where the students must attend to tasks of different courses each of which requires their attention. Matters are made worse by the fact that most students will have to do this after a tiresome day. Another potential cause of stress to students is language difficulties. The stu dents ability to communicate be it I n examinations, assignments or even presentations is crucial to the process of learning. Where the student has no proficiency in the language being used in teaching and learning, they may become frustrated and end up being stressed up. Procrastination is another cause of stress in this category. This is where the student keeps on pushing tasks to a future date and time instead of promptly working on them. Eventually, the students find themselves with so much to do that it would be so difficult for them to beat the deadlines. Consequently, the student becomes stressed up. Gunnar and Vazquez (2015) demonstrate that this is a significant contributor to stress among campus students. The other academic factor of stress is examinations. Students prove that they deserve a good grade through exams. Many students do extensive research and reading during exam periods to be well conversant with all the course requirement. Often, the pressure is too much and leads to stress. Missing lectures and frustration due misunderstanding are other potential causes of stress in this category. The final major cause of stress to be discussed will be environmental factors. One such factor is lack of vacation or breaks. In situations where students stay in school for long periods before a break, their cognitive ability may become poor. Consequently, the students become tired and no longer feel like studying. In the long run, the students will become stressed up since they lack the zeal to continue studying and learning (Levine, 2017). Another environmental factor of stress is computer problems. The modern society have evolved to an extent where almost every activity requires the use of computer technology. While this has brought a lot of good, it might be a cause of stress to students who do not have the appropriate computer skills. Most of the curriculum needs in the modern day require some computer skills for implementation. Such students could have challenges, feel inferior and result to stress (Zhao, Lei, He, Gu and Li, 2015). Another factor is divorce between parents. So me life occurrence may have major blows especially in the lives of students. When divorce occurs, most students become unhappy and start figuring out how good thing would have been if the parents were still together. With time, this unhappiness accumulates and results to stress. Last to be discussed in this section is future worries. Thinking about the future breeds worries in the minds of many students. The students cant help imagining how it will be after school. This could be especially aggravated in situation where getting a job is not an easy (Spielberger, Sarason, Kulcsar and Van, 2015). The hope of most students is get a job after school and impact the society positively. When the thought that this might not happen creeps their minds, they tend to be stressed up. Stress Management Techniques As seen above it is practically impossible to avoid stress. If not monitored and managed stress could have dire consequences. for instance, it could lead to deteriorated physical, emotional and psychological well-being. Stress can make one chronically unhappy and lead to depression. The good news however, is that stress can effectively be managed. This is very important for students as it would come in handy to help increase their level of happiness and have better grades. There are some ways in which a person can ensure that they deal with stressors effectively to avoid being stressed up. Some of the ways are going to be discussed next. There are some measures that have been put in place by the university that contribute to stress relief. These activities include international days. During these days students and persons from different institutions and parts of the world gather together. During international days the student gets a chance to interact with and learn from persons of diverse cultures and backgrounds. As a result, the student has some time off class where they do not have some workload and assignments to think about. The students mind is refreshed and any stress that they might have is significantly reduced. During such events there are also performances that are done and some speakers who talk to the gatherings. Most of the activities are not academic related. Consequently, it could be viewed as a time when the student has some time on their own to interact, learn and have fun. The other activities besides the international days are gaming and exercise. The Tournament capital centre provides facilities for gaming and exercise. These include gyms, pools and arenas. Exercise and gaming are some of the best methods that a student can use to get relief from stress. Psychologists have described exercise as meditation in motion and helps in optimal bodily functioning. In addition to relieving stress, these activities help one to keep fit and prevent some chronic illnesses such as diabetes and some types of cancer whose occurrence would have aggravated stress. Exercise relieves stress in the following ways: increasing the production of endorphins which are endorphins that lead to euphoric feeling, it is meditation in motion and helps one forget previous awful experiences and helps improve mood and self-confidence. Some other ways through which the student can relieve stress are going to be discussed next. Meditation is one of the other methods. This could be a very effective way of managing stress especially where mindfulness is involved (Sharma and Rush, 2014). This means completely leaving the worries of the future and awful past experiences and focus on what is happening now. It might not be easy when starting as one might wander off but with regular practice, it becomes a great way of relieving stress. When done periodically, meditation strengthens the region of the brain associated with joy and relaxation (Goyal et al, 2014). It would therefore be true to conclude that regular meditation is a great and effective way of attaining stress relief. The other way through which a student can get stress relief is through getting social support (Kulsoom and Afsar, 2015). As the famous adage goes, a problem half shared is half solved. Psychological studies have shown that when a person shares something troubling them with a trusted person, the chances of recovery from the troubling situation significantly improves. Social support could be gained by calling a friend or even sending an email. The key in this is sharing with someone who can be trusted. When the issue is enormous, it might be important to seek help from a professional counsellor (Powell and Enright, 2015). These are trained on how to help people and one of their professional duty is to maintain confidentiality. It could therefore be a good idea to get professional help from them. Another method of relieving stress is deep breathing. Research has demonstrated that deep breathing clears the mind and releases any tension that the body might have. According to Greenberg (2017) we tend to breath shallowly when anxious or under stressful situations and most of the times we do not even notice it. The shallow breathing may cause fewer oxygen to get to the lungs and consequently other parts of the body. This may aggravate the stress further. Deep breathing alleviates this stress. The deeper a breath is, the less anxious one is. The last method to be discussed will be taking a break from the stressor. This might seem difficult, but it is one of the strategies to attain relief from stress. This could involve getting away from a big work project from some time, or even walking away from a crying baby. Once you get away from the stressor, it is helpful to do things that one enjoys such as listening to music (Seaward, 2017). This is different from running away from the real issue. It is just taking some time off and then going back to deal with the real issue once composed. It is a great way of attaining stress relief. Conclusion As seen from the observations above, stress is any circumstance or event that poses some threat or demand upon us. Stress can be caused by either positive events or negative ones. It is practically impossible to completely avoid stress. With proper management of stress, one can lead a normal and fulfilling life. University students have a special set of stressors that significantly affect their academic life. These include: relationships, for example sexual abuse or financial exploitation by someone who the student has some form of connection; academic factors such as procrastination, heavy work load and examinations; personal factors such as drastic change in sleeping habits and a change in the living environment and environmental factors such as inadequate skills of computer use, parents divorce and worrying about the future. The good news is that studies have established effective ways of managing stressful situations and leading satisfying lives. The methods of stress relief incl ude meditation, seeking social support from a trusted person or even a professional counsellor, taking some time to be away from the stressor and deep breathing. Recommendations First, the university management should make more room for courses that pertain to stress management and organize forums and campaigns to sensitize the students about effective methods of managing stress. Secondly, the student leadership should collaborate with department of sports and games to organize games and social programmes for students. Thirdly, there should be close interaction and collaboration between students and the academic stuff when planning on how to go about the intensive courses of the semester. Fourth, guidance and counselling unit should be integrated with the university management to offer help to students. Preferably, some students should be trained on how to help their peers as this has proved to be more effective. Fifth, students should have enough time for sleep and exercise. In addition, good eating habits should be encouraged. Sixth, during lectures that take long hours, some creative games could be used to engage the students. This will help them have som e relief and increase their attention. Lastly, students should create a good balance between studying and working to avoid stress. References Beiter, R., Nash, R., McCrady, M., Rhoades, D., Linscomb, M., Clarahan, M., Sammut, S. (2015). The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students.Journal of affective disorders,173, 90-96. Boss, P., Bryant, C. M., Mancini, J. A. (2016).Family stress management: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Certo, S. (2015).Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Dexter, L. R., Huff, K., Rudecki, M., Abraham, S. (2018). College Students Stress Coping Behaviors and Perception of Stress-Effects Holistically.International Journal of Studies in Nursing,3(2), 1. Gonzalez, M. J., Miranda-Massari, J. R. (2014). Diet and stress.Psychiatric Clinics,37(4), 579-589. Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E. M., Gould, N. F., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., ... Ranasinghe, P. D. (2014). Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA internal medicine,174(3), 357-368. Greenberg, J. S. (2017).Comprehensive stress management. McGraw-Hill Education. Gunnar, M. R., Vazquez, D. (2015). Stress neurobiology and developmental psychopathology. InDevelopmental neuroscience. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Heckman, S., Lim, H., Montalto, C. (2014). Factors related to financial stress among college students.Journal of Financial Therapy,5(1), 3. Ju, B., Trebinjac, S., Bannon, L., Papaconstantinou, M. (2017). How much stress is enough for students when re-designing the curriculum and courses?. Kulsoom, B., Afsar, N. A. (2015). Stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students in a multiethnic setting.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,11, 1713. Kumar, A., Meena, R., Meena, V. S., Bisht, J. K., Pattanayak, A. (2016). Towards the stress management and environmental sustainability. Levine, S. (2017).Social stress. Routledge. Pelletier, J. E., Lytle, L. A., Laska, M. N. (2016). Stress, health risk behaviors, and weight status among community college students.Health Education Behavior,43(2), 139-144. Powell, T. J., Enright, S. J. (2015).Anxiety and stress management. Routledge. Seaward, B. L. (2017).Managing stress. Jones Bartlett Learning. Sharma, M., Rush, S. E. (2014). Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: a systematic review.Journal of evidence-based complementary alternative medicine,19(4), 271-286. Zeytinoglu, I. U., Denton, M., Brookman, C., Davies, S., Sayin, F. K. (2017). Health and safety matters! Associations between organizational practices and personal support workers life and work stress in Ontario, Canada.BMC health services research,17(1), 427. Zhao, F. F., Lei, X. L., He, W., Gu, Y. H., Li, D. W. (2015). The study of perceived stress, coping strategy and self?efficacy of Chinese undergraduate nursing students in clinical practice.International journal of nursing practice,21(4), 401-409.